IPL-INDIAN PREMIERE LEAUGE HISTORY

INDIAN PREMIER LEAUGE CRICKET

IPL-INDIAN PREMIER LEAUGE is the main cricket competition on the planet. All renowned cricketers are taking part in the competition. IPL was set up in 2008. The opening match of the IPL was played at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru between Royal Challengers Bangalore and Kolkata Nightriders. The principal match was a fantasy round of cricket. A chronicled singular score of 158 from just 73 balls was scored in the New Zealand cricketer Brendon McCullum included 4X13 and 6X10. Furthermore, Kolkata wins by a tremendous edge of 140 runs.

Celebration After scoring Centaury

The primary version of IPL was challenged by eight groups based out of eight distinctive Indian urban areas. The alliance was established by the Board Of Control For Cricket in India (BCCI) In 2007. It is typically held among March and May of consistently. The IPL is the most- class on the planet and in 2014 was positioned 6th by normal participation among all games associations.

BCCI

On September 2007, the BCCI reported the dispatch of an establishment based Twenty20 cricket rivalry considered Indian Premier League whose first season was scheduled to begin in April 2008 in a "prominent function. In New Delhi, BCCI "VP" Lalit Modi,  said to be the genius behind the possibility of the IPL, illuminated the subtleties of the competition including its organization, the prize cash, establishment income framework and crew synthesis rules. It was additionally uncovered that the IPL would be controlled by a seven-man  administering gathering made out of previous India players and BCCI authorities. The group's arrangement was like that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the United States

Lalit Modi

with the complete base costs of the establishments costing around $400 million. Toward the finish of the closeout, the triumphant bidders were declared, just as the urban communities the groups would be situated in Bengaluru , Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai. Eventually, the establishments were completely sold for an aggregate of $723.59 million.] The Indian Cricket League before long collapsed in 2008.

IPL AUCTION BID

IPL games use TV break and henceforth there is no time limit in which groups should finish their innings. Notwithstanding, a punishment might be forced if the umpires discover groups abusing this advantage. Each group is given a more than two moment "vital break" during every innings; one should be taken by the bowling crew between the closures of the sixth and ninth overs, and one by the batting group between the finishes of the fourteenth and sixteenth overs.

television timeout

Since the 2018 season, the Umpire Decision Review System is being utilized at all IPL matches, permitting each group one opportunity to audit and on-field umpire's choice per innings. The 2019 period of the IPL offered an all out prize cash of ₹500 million (US$7.0 million), with the triumphant group netting ₹200 million (US$2.8 million). The first and second other participants got ₹125 million (US$1.8 million) and ₹87.5 million (US$1.2 million), separately, with the fourth positioned group additionally winning ₹87.5 million (US$1.2 million). Different groups are not granted any prize cash. The IPL decides command that portion of the prize cash should be circulated among the players

Umpire Decision Review System 

In 2010, the IPL transformed into the fundamental game in the world to be conveyed live on YouTube. The brand worth of the IPL in 2019 was ₹475 billion (US$6.7 billion), as per Duff& Phelps. As demonstrated by BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹11.5 billion (US$160 million) to the GDP of the Indian economy.

IPL WINNERS TROPHY

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MARIANA TRENCH HISTORY

MARIANA TRENCH THE DEEPEST SEA

 Mariana Trench was a strange spot up until this point. Mariana Trench was the ocean of Pacific sea is situated at western pacific east of the Philippines and a normal of around 124miles[200kilometers] east of the Mariana islands, the Mariana channel is a bow formed scar in the Earth's outside layer that actions more than 1500miles[2550kilometers] long and 43 miles[69kilometers] wide by and large. It's more profound than the mostnoteworthy mountain tail. A great deal of fantasy and roomers was flying ludicrous Trench

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It has outrageous profundity. The water pressure at the lower part of the channel is pulverizing eight tons adrift level. Pressing factor increments with profundity. The profundities of the Mariana Trench were first plumbed in 1875 by the British boat H.M.S. challenger as a component of the worldwide oceanographic journey. The challenger researcher recorded a profundity of 4475 fathoms [about five miles, or eight kilometer's] using a weighted sounding rope. In 1951, the British vessel H.M.S. challenger II got back to the spot with a reverberation sounder and estimated a profundity of almost 7 miles[11 kilometer's]. 

METHODE OF DEPTH MEASURE

Most of the Mariana Trenches currently has a place with our secured zone as a component of the Mariana Trench Marine National Monuments. It is set up by president George Bush in 2009. 

JACQUES PICCARD,LT.DON.WALSH

Jacques Piccard and naval force Lt. Don Walsh were the sole people slipped in to the challenger profound. It has over 50 years prior. 

Like other maritime channels, the Mariana Trench has been proposed as a site for atomic garbage removal in 1972 with the expectation that structural plate subduction happening at the site may at last drive the atomic waste profound into the Earth's mantle, the second layer of the earth However, sea unloading of atomic waste is precluded by global law. 

Moreover, plate subduction zones are related with enormous Megathrust tremor, the impacts of which are eccentric for the wellbeing of long haul removal of atomic squanders inside the hadopelagic biological system Besides,

H.M.S.CHALLENGER

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Physical Therapy or Physiotherapy Is a Medical Profession?

Physical Therapy or Physiotherapy Is a Medical Profession?!

Physiotherapy is playing an important role in every phase of the life. It is not just a massaging treatment but a field containing many branches.

Hippocrates

 A person who graduates in BPT bachelor of physiotherapy or in MPT master of physiotherapy can treat a patient. A physiotherapist should know every week points of the patient  and should be able to solve the issue . Physicians like HIPPOCRATES and later GALEN

are believed to have been the first practitioners of physical therapy, advocating massage, manual therapy techniques and hydrotherapy to treat people in 460 BC.

Galen

A physiotherapist should be a good friend and a motivator, he can make the patient strong both physically and mentally. Physical therapy addresses the illnesses or injuries that limit a person's abilities to move and perform functional activities in their daily lives. PTs use an individual's history and physical examination to arrive at a  diagnosis and establish a management plan and, when necessary, incorporate the results of laboratory and imaging studies like X-rays, CT-scan, or MRI findings. Electrodiagnostic testing (e.g., electromyograms and nerve conduction velocity testing) may also be used

 

A systematic review that included patients with brain injury, musculoskeletal conditions, cardiac conditions, or multiple pathologies found that the alliance between patient and therapist positively correlates with treatment outcome. Outcomes include ability to perform activities of daily living, manage pain, complete specific physical function tasks, depression, global assessment of physical health, treatment adherence, and treatment satisfaction.

In addition to clinical practice, other aspects of physical therapist practice include research, education, consultation and health administration. Physical therapy is provided as a care treatment or alongside or in conjunction with other medical services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, physical therapists have the authority to prescribe medication.

Physical therapy has been found to be effective for improving outcomes, both in terms of pain and function, in multiple musculoskeletal conditions. 2012 systematic review found evidence to support the use of spinal manipulation by physical therapists as a safe option to improve outcomes for lower back pain according to randomized control trials, a combination of manual therapy and supervised exercise therapy by physiotherapists give functional benefits for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee, and may delay or even prevent the need for surgery

Physical therapy is a professional career which has many specialties including musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, neurology, endocrinology, sports medicine, geriatrics, women’s health, wound care, electromyography neurological rehabilitation is in particular a rapidly emerging field. PTs practice in many settings, such as private-owned physical therapy clinics, outpatient clinics or offices, health and wellness clinics, rehabilitation hospitals facilities, skilled nursing facilities, extended care facilities, private homes, education and research centers ,schools, hospices, , industrial and this workplaces or other occupational environments, fitness centers and sports training  facilities. 

WOUND TREATMENT

Now physiotherapy is dealing with all problems related to the body. This field of medicine reduces the intake of tablets and gives specific instructions for the recovery and gives more importance to exercises. The world Physical Therapy Day is on 8th September every year. The day is an opportunity for the physiotherapists from all over the world to raise awareness about the contribution the profession makes to keep people well, mobile and independent.

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WORLD WORST NUCLEAR POWER PLANT DISASTER

HISTORY OF CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER(1986)

Chernobyl one of the city in Ukraine.. Is a partially abandoned city in the Chernobyl  Exclusion Zone, situated in the Ivankiv Raion of northern Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine .Chernobyl is about 90 kilometers(60MI) North of Kyiv, and 160 kilometers (100mi) southwest of the Belarusian city of Gomel. The city also known as The Elephants foot. The reason for giving this name to the city the large mass of corium and other materials formed underneath the Chernobyl Nuclear during the Chernobyl disaster of April 1986.

CORIUM

1-KYIV OBLAST,2-IVANKIV RAION,3-KYIV,4-BELARUSIAN,5-CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) officially the Vladimir Ilyich LeninNuclear Power Plant,is a closed Nuclear power plant located near the abandoned city OfPripyat in northern Ukraine, 16.5 (10miles) from the Belarus-Ukraine Border, and about 100 kilometers (62mil) north of Kyiv. The pant was cooled by an engineered pond. Which is fed by the Pripyat River about 5 kilometers( 3miles) northwest from its juncture with the Dnieper.

Pripyat

Belarus-Ukraine Border

ENGINEERD POND

The Chernobyl Nuclear plant consisted of four RBMK-1000 reactors, each reactors capable of producing 1000 Megawatts (MV) of electric power(3200 MW of thermal power).The four reactors together produced about 10% of Ukraine's electricity at the time of disaster. The reactor No.1 commissioned in 1977. It was the third Soviet RBMK nuclear plant, after the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant and the KurskNuclear Power Plant, and the first plant on Ukraine soil.

 RBMK-1000 reactors

 KurskNuclear Power Plant

The completion of the first reactor in 1977was followed by reactor No. 2 in 1978, No. 3 in 1981, and No. 4 in 1983.Two more blocks, numbered five and six of more less the same reactor design were planned at roughly a kilometers from the contiguous buildings of the four older blocks. Reactor No. 5 was around 70% complete at the time of block 4's explosion and was scheduled to come online approximately six months later, on November 7, 1986.

                                                        REACTORS

The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on Saturday 26 April 1986,at the no.4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear power plant. It is considered the worst  nuclear disaster in history both north of cost and causalities and is one of only two clear energy accidents rated at seven-the maximum severity- on the international Nuclear Event Scale, The other being the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster Japan.

Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster Japan

The accident started during a safety test on an  RBMK-type nuclear reactor. The test was a simulation of an electrical power outage to help create a safety procedure for maintaining reactor cooling water circulation until the back-up electrical generators could provide power. The Three such tests had been conducted since 1982, but they had failed to provide a solution. On this fourth attempt, an unexpected 10-hour delay meant that an unprepared operating shift was on duty. During the planned decrease of reactor power in preparation for the electrical test, the power unexpectedly dropped to a near-zero level. The operators were able to only partially restore the specified test power, which put the reactor in an unstable condition. This risk was not made evident in the operating instructions, so the operators proceeded with the electrical test. Upon test completion, the operators triggered a reactor shutdown, but a combination of unstable conditions and reactor design flaws caused an uncontrolled  nuclear chain reaction instead.

Reactor cooling water circulation

The large amount of energy was suddenly released, and two explosions ruptured the reactor core and destroyed the reactor building. One was a highly destructive Steam explosion from the vaporising  Superheated coolig water  the other explosion could have been another steam explosion or a small nuclear explosion, akin to a  Nuclear fizzle. This was immediately followed by an open-air reactor core fire that released considerable airborne  radioactive contamination for about nine days that precipitated onto parts of the USSR and western Europe, especially Belarus, 16 km away, where around 70% landed, before being finally contained on 4 May 1986. As a result of rising ambient radiation levels off-site, a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) radius  exclusion zone was created 36 hours after the accident. About 49,000 people were evacuated from the area, primarily from Pripyat. The exclusion zone was later increased to 30 kilometers (19 mi) radius when a further 68,000 people were evacuated from the wider  area .

 Nuclear fizzle

The reactor explosion killed two of the reactor operating staff. A massive emergency operation to put out the fire, stabilize the reactor, and cleanup the ejected nuclear core began. In the disaster and immediate response, 134 station staff and firemen were hospitalized with  actuate radiation syndrome due to absorbing high doses of ionizing radiation. Of these 134 people, 28 died in the days to months afterward and approximately 14 suspected  radiation-induced cancer deaths followed within the next 10 years Significant cleanup operations were taken in the exclusion zone to deal with local  fallout, and the exclusion zone was made permanent.

ABANDONED GIM

ABANDONED SCHOOL

Among the wider population, an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) has, at multiple times, reviewed all the published research on the incident and found that at present, fewer than 100 documented deaths are likely to be attributable to increased exposure to radiation. Determining the total eventual number of  exposure related deaths is uncertain based on the linear no-threshold  model, a contested statistical model, which has also been used in estimates of low level radon and air pollution exposure. Model predictions with the greatest confidence values of the eventual total death toll in the decades ahead from Chernobyl releases vary, from 4,000 fatalities when solely assessing the three most contaminated former Soviet states, to about 9,000 to 16,000 fatalities when assessing the total continent of Europe.

To reduce the spread of radioactive contamination  from the wreckage and protect it from weathering, the protective Chernobyl Nuclear power plant Sarcophagus was built by December 1986. It also provided radiological protection  for the crews of the undamaged reactors at the site, which continued operating. Due to the continued deterioration of the sarcophagus, it was further enclosed in 2017 by the Chernobyl New safe confinement  a larger enclosure that allows the removal of both the sarcophagus and the reactor debris, while containing the radioactive hazard. Nuclear clean-up is scheduled for completion in 2065.

Before its evacuation, the city had about 14,000 residents, while around 1,000 people live in the city today.

Elephants foot

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 HISTORY BEHIND THE APRIL FOOL'S DAY

As we all know, April 1st is a fool's day and the financial year also starts on the same day. But most people don’t know the history behind April 1st. Jokers often expose their actions by shouting “April fool”! At the recipient. Most of the media is involved in these pranks, which may be revealed the following day. The day is not a public day in any country expect Odessa inUkraine, where the first of April is an official city holiday. In Scotland,, the tradition became a two-day event starting with hunting the gowk  (gowk is a word for cuckoo bird a symbol for a fool)

Lots of myth and rumor's are spread  about the "APRIL FOOLS DAY". The histories speculate that April fools day dates back to 1582 when France switched from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar called for by the council of Trent in 1563. Hence making it the most commonly believed reason for celebrating the day.  While many refused to accept the change and continued following the Julian calendar. France was the first country to accept and implement the new calendar.

 Gregorian calendar

Julian calendar

One story goes that April fools day began with France in 1564 Edict of Roussillon, which decreed that New Year’s day, historically observed on Easter by Christians, was moved to January 1. Easter is a movable, lunar-based date but often falls in April, so it's said that early adopters dubbed people celebrating the old New Year’s Eve April fools

  Edict of Roussillon                                     Roussillon                          

Historians have also linked April fools day to festivals such as Hilaria (Latin for Joyful),which was celebrated in Ancient Rome at the end of March by followers of the cult of cyble. It involved people dressing up in disguises and mocking fellow citizens and even magistrates and was said to be inspired by the Egyptian legend of Isis, Osiris and Seth.

SETH                OSIRIS                              ISIS     

Lots of books, movies and television episodes have used April fools day as their title or inspiration. Like Bryce Courtenay's novel April fools day (1993)

Bryce Courtenay

Now days the holiday is stylized both as April fools day and as a emphasizing April fool as a singular concept. April fools day indicating plural April fools, whether the people or the pranks. And don’t forget to shout April fool! When the prank is revealed. Don’t forget the famous quote Believe nothing and trust no one today is April fools day

HISTORICAL APRIL FOOL DAY PRANKS EVER

In 1996,Taco Bell, the fast-food restaurant chain, duped people when it was announced it had agreed to purchase Philadelphia's LibertyBell and intended to rename it Taco Liberty Bell in 1998. After Burger King advertised “Left-handed whopper” scores of customers requested the fake sandwich. Google notoriously hosts. An annual April Fools’ Day prank that has included everything from “telepathic search” to the ability to play Pac Man on google maps 

 

  

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